Microneedling, also known as collagen induction therapy, is a cosmetic procedure that involves using tiny needles to create controlled micro-injuries in the skin. This triggers the body’s natural healing process and stimulates collagen and elastin production, the essential proteins responsible for skin firmness and elasticity. Over the last few years, microneedling has grown tremendously popular in India, offered across beauty salons, clinics, and even small home setups.While it promises smoother skin, reduced acne scars, and overall rejuvenation, the procedure is not risk-free. Microneedling performed by untrained hands can result in complications ranging from temporary redness to permanent scarring, infection, and pigment changes. Understanding these risks is vital for anyone considering the treatment.
Growing popularity of microneedling in Indian metro cities
In metropolitan cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Chennai, microneedling is no longer confined to high-end dermatology clinics. Beauty spas and salons increasingly offer this service to meet the growing demand among young adults aged 18-45 who are conscious of self-care and appearance. Market research reports indicate that urban Indians are increasingly willing to invest in cosmetic procedures, making microneedling a lucrative business.However, the rapid growth of this market comes with a caveat: many providers lack proper training or medical knowledge. Unlike dermatologists, salon practitioners may not fully understand skin anatomy or potential complications, putting clients at risk.
Understanding Radiofrequency Microneedling
Radiofrequency (RF) microneedling is a specialised form of microneedling that combines traditional needle penetration with RF energy. These devices deliver heat into the deeper layers of the skin to further stimulate collagen and elastin production. The procedure is used to treat wrinkles, tighten skin, and improve overall texture, a process sometimes called “resurfacing” or “rejuvenation.”The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued advisories regarding RF microneedling, warning about serious adverse effects including burns, scarring, fat loss, nerve damage, and disfigurement. Surgical intervention may sometimes be required to correct these complications. While standard microneedling can be done in salons, RF microneedling should always be performed under the supervision of a trained dermatologist or medical professional.
Why microneedling can be risky in salons
Microneedling is deceptively simple, but the difference between a safe procedure and a damaging one often lies in needle depth, technique, and hygiene standards. Untrained practitioners may not understand these nuances.Beauticians focus on cosmetic appearance rather than medical safety. They often lack training in skin pathology, complication management, and long-term effects of treatments. Dermatologists, as medical experts, can assess skin health comprehensively, identify contraindications, and manage unexpected complications.
Differences between salon devices and clinical microneedling tools
- Salon/Home Devices: Typically use superficial needles (0.1–0.5mm), primarily to enhance product absorption. These needles usually do not penetrate deeply enough to effectively treat scars or wrinkles.
- Clinical Devices (Dermatologists): Adjustable, motorised pens can reach up to 2.5mm, stimulating the lower dermis where collagen production is maximised. Only medical professionals can safely control these devices to prevent complications.
Key risk factors and complications of microneedling
Microneedling involves controlled trauma to the skin, which can backfire if performed incorrectly. Key risk factors include:
- Improper Technique and Needle Depth: Using the wrong needle size or penetrating too deeply can cause irreversible fibrotic scarring or keloid formation.
- Hygiene Failures: Infections are a common result of poor sterilisation, particularly in non-medical settings.
- Underlying Skin Conditions: Only dermatologists can detect pre-existing conditions that may worsen with microneedling.
- Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Excessive inflammation may darken the skin, particularly in Indian skin tones, leading to uneven pigmentation.
The cost and effort required to correct microneedling-induced scarring are often much higher than preventive measures.
Expert tips to minimise microneedling risks and ensure safety
To ensure safety and effective results, experts recommend:
- Choose a qualified dermatologist: Verify credentials and experience before undergoing microneedling, especially RF procedures.
- Ask detailed questions: Inquire about sterilisation protocols, device brands, needle depth, and emergency measures for complications.
- Avoid non-medical setups: Salons and spas may not have the medical supervision required for safe treatment.
Patients should also report any adverse events to FDA-approved reporting portals to help track device safety and prevent further complications.Disclaimer: Microneedling, including radiofrequency (RF) treatments, carries inherent risks. This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified dermatologist or medical professional before undergoing any cosmetic procedure. Avoid untrained practitioners, salons, or home devices to reduce the risk of scarring, infection, or pigmentation issues.
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